VanOsta2023

circadapt.VanOsta2023([solver, ...])

Todo

Create a visualization of VanOsta2023

The VanOsta2023 model was initially introduced in [?]. It is founded on the CircAdapt model published by Walmsley in 2015 [?].

Physiological Description

This model represents a rapid biomechanical lumped-parameter approach to simulate the intricacies of the heart and circulatory system. It uses a one-fiber model (Chamber2022 and Wall2022) to establish the wall stress and cavity pressure relationship. The TriSeg module facilitates inter-ventricular interaction across the Intra-Ventricular Septum (IVS) (TriSeg2022). Phenomenological material laws define the active and passive stress–strain relationship in the spherical walls (Patch2022). The MultiPatch module introduces regional heterogeneity of tissue properties within a single wall (Wall2022).

Additionally, a reduced-order circulation is implemented, with systemic and pulmonary arteries and veins modeled using a single Tube0D each. The flow across systemic and pulmonary capillaries is simulated using the ArtVen module. Flow from atria to ventricles, from ventricles to arteries, and from veins to atria are simulated by means of the Valve2022 module.

At a global scale, the Timings module manages atrial and ventricular activation. Homeostatic control can be regulated through PressureFlowControl when activated.

Table 1 Model compared to reference values

	Model	Literature	Source
LVEDV	120.54	121 pm 31	Addetia et al.[1]
LVESV	48.00	47 pm 15	Addetia et al.[1]
LVEF	60.18	61 pm 5	Addetia et al.[1]

Model assumptions and parameterizations

Valve

Inertia

TODO

• Provide details on the included solver.

• Explain the solving strategy.

• Present the initial parameterization.

• Discuss the model verification process.

• Explain adaptation protocol

Solving strategy

Todo

Update overview of the framework and its solving strategy.

Each module in the CircAdapt framework is implemented as a component. Components are the smallest objects that can be isolated in the cardiovascular system. All Modules together form the ordinary differential equations, which are solved using one of the implemented Solvers. Depending on the complexity of the created model, an appropriate solver should be selected with appropriate step-size.

As components use eachothers (state-)variables, equations need to be calculated in the right order. Therefore, the strategy as shown in the figure below is used.

(Source code)

References

[1] (1,2,3)

Karima Addetia, Tatsuya Miyoshi, Vivekanandan Amuthan, Rodolfo Citro, Masao Daimon, Pedro Gutierrez Fajardo, Ravi R Kasliwal, James N Kirkpatrick, Mark J Monaghan, Denisa Muraru, and others. Normal values of left ventricular size and function on three-dimensional echocardiography: results of the world alliance societies of echocardiography study. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 35(5):449–459, 2022.